Helen Bellfield

Toby Gardner

James Richens

Yani Wang

 (EUDR) entered into force with a legal compliance framework to guarantee that the products EU citizens consume do not contribute to deforestation or forest degradation worldwide. In December 2023, the UK announced the introduction of a regulation on 

 limiting imports of commodities grown on illegally deforested land. Both regulations place unprecedented environmental conditions on commodity trade.

Trase played significant roles in strengthening the evidence base for both regulatory processes, helping operationalise aspects of their implementation, and enabling accountability of both government and businesses to deliver on their requirements.

Making the strategic case for demand-side regulations 

In order to eliminate deforestation from commodity supply chains, there has been growing consensus on the need for demand-side regulation – legal requirements to raise the floor on minimum standards for securing market access and give an advantage to more responsible and sustainable supply chain companies and markets. The EUDR is by far the most ambitious and wide-reaching regulation governing the import of commodities linked to deforestation ever to be introduced. 

In 2019, the European Commission adopted the 

 on stepping up action to protect and restore the world’s forests, which launched an assessment to recommend policy options to minimise the impact of EU consumption on deforestation and forest degradation.

Trase’s data and research played a pivotal role in making the strategic argument that regulation was not just necessary, but also feasible to implement – motivating ambition while also disarming long-held arguments and excuses that supply chains are too opaque and complex.

For example, Trase data formed the backbone of the report ‘

Stepping up? The continuing impact of EU consumption on nature

’ published by WWF in April 2021 as the EU Commission developed its legislative proposal. This report was a central part of the #Together4Forests campaign convened by WWF which successfully mobilised public support for the EUDR. Trase’s analysis provided the most comprehensive assessment of the EU’s deforestation footprint to date, demonstrating not only that it was the second most important international market for forest-risk commodities (after China), but also highlighting the commodities, companies and regions most affected, helping shape the focus of the legislation and providing a pathway for implementation.

Trase insight was also brought to bear in helping shape the scope of the EUDR in terms of 

 and ecosystems at implementation and during future reviews. 

In 2021, Trase provided the underlying evidence for a civil society 

 led by Fern and Mighty Earth, highlighting the critical importance of soy cake in dominating European soy imports from Latin American, and helping motivate the inclusion of soycake in the final scope of the legislation. 

 commissioned by the Greens/EFA group in the EU Parliament brought attention to the huge gap in the scope of the legislation due to the exclusion of the Cerrado, the world’s most biodiverse savannah ecosystem that falls largely outside the Food and Agriculture Organization’s definition of forests as used by the Commission. Trase’s report clearly demonstrated that the Cerrado is by far the largest hotspot of deforestation exposure linked to the EU’s soy and beef imports, helping ensure the inclusion of a targeted one-year review on the option to extend the scope of the EUDR to include the FAO’s designation of ‘other wooded lands’ as well as a two-year review on other natural ecosystems.

Aside from the EUDR, the UK’s Forest Risk Commodities due diligence legislation is the second demand-side regulation governing the links between commodity trade and deforestation. Estimates of the UK’s deforestation footprint through the 

Global Environmental Impacts of Consumption (GEIC) indicator

, developed by SEI York and Trase, were important in 

 of this legislation while also helping underpin the work of campaigners to advocate for swift action. GEIC data is now used as an official 

 to assess the global biodiversity impacts of UK economic activity. SEI and Trase are under commission to develop the monitoring framework for the legislation for the UK Government.

Trase has worked closely with a number of European governments, including 

 and the UK, to help them understand their overall deforestation footprints, as well as embedded impacts on biodiversity and water, and to monitor how these are changing over time. 

This work provides a much broader perspective than is necessary for EUDR compliance, but is a critical complement in motivating the need to assess overall country-level deforestation footprints and to inform the wider policy mix that is needed. 

Trase also worked with France’s Ministry of Ecological Transition to develop a 

, hosted by the French government, for soy imports under their national strategy to combat imported deforestation (SNDI) – itself a precursor of EUDR.

As EU member states invest in preparedness measures ahead of the expected implementation of the EUDR in January 2026, Trase is active in providing guidance to competent authorities on the use of Trase’s risk data to triage due diligence compliance checks. 

In June 2025, Trase and ClientEarth published guidance for companies regulated under the EUDR and competent authorities responsible for enforcing it on the 

 on the location of forests, types of land use and the existence of deforestation to assess risks of non-compliance with the regulation’s deforestation-free and legality requirements.

It is unlikely that the EUDR or the UK Forest Risk Commodities regulations would exist without civil society pressure and the work of high-ambition coalitions in both government and business. Trase’s data and intelligence continue to provide a key source of evidence to help motivate ambition and protect against backsliding. 

This support includes providing targeted briefings to strengthen accountability of governments to deliver on stated ambitions. One example is the use of Trase data to underpin a 

 at the COP28 climate conference in 2023 to call out delayed adoption and implementation of the UK Environment Act first proposed two years before at COP26. In 2024, Trase also published the first editions of a 

 assessing the deforestation exposure via imports of EUDR commodities for each EU member state to support civil society in each country to make the case for action on implementation.

The impact of Trase’s data is often amplified by campaign groups working to strengthen accountability of governments and companies. For example, Mighty Earth, an environmental advocacy organisation, draws regularly on Trase data and maps to make the case in its 

Since the European Parliamentary elections in June 2024, there have been growing calls to weaken the EUDR resulting in a 

 to 30 December 2025 to allow additional time for regulated companies and member states to prepare. Despite this, some member states and businesses continue to demand further concessions.

Trase believes that successful implementation of the EUDR is key both to reducing the deforestation exposure of the EU and – most significantly – stimulating action towards decoupling commodity production and trade from deforestation and ecosystem conversion by both key importing markets and producer countries.

As an independent science-based provider of data and intelligence, Trase will continue to use its analytical expertise – not just to support the implementation of the EUDR – but to understand its limitations and unintended consequences, such as leakage and smallholder exclusion, and the need to go beyond it with additional actions needed to successfully protect forests, other natural ecosystems, human rights and livelihoods. This work is an important element of 

For further information contact Helen Bellfield, co-director at Trase, h.bellfield@globalcanopy.org.