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Following Minerva’s acquisition of its competitor JBS’s Paraguayan subsidiary in 2017, the Brazilian food group went from a 19% share of Paraguayan beef exports in 2016 to a 41% share in 2018. Trase data suggest that Minerva sources much of its beef from the Chaco region

, which has been experiencing intensive deforestation, largely driven by cattle ranching. This is due in part to the fact that the company’s Paraguayan subsidiary, Frigomerc, owns an export-oriented slaughterhouse on the edge of the Chaco. In 2018, Trase estimates that the company’s exports accounted for almost 70% of all cattle deforestation risk

 among Paraguayan exporters. Minerva’s company zero-deforestation commitment

 biome and its commitments with regard to slave labour, fraudulent land claims, violence and invasions of indigenous territory also only apply to products from Brazil.