Indonesia - Net emissions from land-use change
Years available: 2001-2025
Data last updated: 9 Oct 2026
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Net greenhouse gas emissions from industrial oil palm were calculated as the difference between gross emissions from oil palm plantation expansion and carbon sequestration in new industrial oil palm plantations. Carbon sequestration was estimated by multiplying the area of new industrial oil palm plantations in the target year by the biomass carbon stock of industrial oil palm plantations per hectare. We used values from Khasanah et al. (2015) for above-ground biomass and applied a 1:4 root-to-shoot ratio from Guillaume et al. (2018) to account for below-ground biomass. Carbon stocks were converted to CO₂-equivalent emissions using a factor of 3.67 (IPCC, 2014). Net greenhouse gas emissions from land-use change were calculated as the difference between gross emissions from oil palm plantation expansion and carbon sequestration in new industrial oil palm plantations in the target year. Values that are negative at the pixel-level are thresholded to 0 before calculating aggregate statistics.
- Nusantara Atlas ((Gaveau et al., 2022; The TreeMap, 2026)
- Gaveau, D. L. A., Locatelli, B., Salim, M. A., Husnayaen, Manurung, T., Descals, A., Angelsen, A., Meijaard, E., & Sheil, D. (2022). Slowing deforestation in Indonesia follows declining oil palm expansion and lower oil prices. PLOS ONE, 17(3), e0266178. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0266178
- The TreeMap. (2026). Industrial oil palm and Pulpwood Plantations: 2000 Baseline and Annual Expansion (2001-2025) (Versions 2026-05-05) [Dataset]. https://thetreemap.com/; https://nusantara-atlas.org
To cite this dataset, use the following:
Chandra, A., Benedict, J., Kamaluddin, A., Putri, S. M., Suavet, C., Gollnow, F., Biddle, H., Mueller, C., Ribeiro, V., & Heilmayr, R. (2026). Indonesia palm oil supply chain: Data and Methods (2018–2024) (Version 1.2.5) [Dataset]. Trase. https://doi.org/10.48650/0717-AJ12
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