Brazil

Gross CO₂-eq emissions from soy deforestation (using a 5-year allocation period), estimate emissions from the loss of the native vegetation biomass, including above- and below-ground, litter, and deadwood, while excluding soil carbon.

Gross greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from soy deforestation, expressed in tonnes of CO₂-equivalent (t CO₂-eq) are determined by calculating the emissions resulting from the removal (land conversion) of native vegetation carbon stocks. Carbon stocks include the above and below ground biomass including necromass. The carbon stocks are based on the values provided by SEEG v12 (SEEG, 2024). Carbon is converted into CO₂-eq by multiplying the values by 3.67, based on the ratio between the molecular weight of C and CO₂.

Brazil - Gross emissions from soy deforestation

Soy harvested area derived from Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE, 2022).

Brazil - Soy area

Soy deforestation is the amount of deforestation across a five-year allocation period that is converted to soy. To calculate it, we overlapped the annual soy maps from GLAD, in the southern hemisphere, and Mapbiomas soy, for the northern hemisphere with the annual territorial deforestation up to six years prior to the soy harvest, excluding the time from planting to harvest. 

Soy deforestation is quantified as the total area of deforestation converted to soy within a five-year allocation period accounting for a one year lag between planting and harvest. We calculate this by spatially overlapping territorial deforestation and annual soy maps from GLAD in the southern hemisphere (Song et al., 2021) and Mapbiomas soy in the northern hemisphere (MapBiomas, 2025; Souza et al., 2020). This analysis identifies all deforestation that occurred within the five years prior to planting, yielding a cumulative estimate of deforestation linked to soy production. The territorial deforestation data is a composite dataset, integrating information from Prodes Amazon (INPE, 2025), Prodes Cerrado (INPE, 2025), and MapBiomas deforestation (MapBiomas, 2025; Souza et al., 2020) data for all other biomes.

Brazil - Soy deforestation

Soy production tons derived from Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE, 2022).

Brazil - Soy production

Soy yield was derived from Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE, 2022).

Brazil - Soy yield

Locations and storage capacity of soy silos and warehouses in Brazil, compiled from CONAB SICARM, Google Maps, and Receita Federal data sources.

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