Indonesia - Embedded in pulp trade
Years available: 2016-2024
Data last updated: 5 Dec 2025
This metric estimates how much historical deforestation is associated with the wood pulp supply chain. The metric specifically focuses on areas where the establishment of pulpwood plantations are estimated to be mature enough to be harvested in the target year, considering the year of deforestation detection for pulpwood expansion. We use a retrospective approach, aggregating the deforestation across ten years, with a six-year lag between the first detection of deforestation and the year of harvest (also the year of export). By setting these parameters we are assuming that the plantations will be ready for harvesting, and consequently start to contribute to the volume traded in the sixth year after the deforestation event for new plantations. For example, the total area of land that was classified as forest in 2003, but had been converted to pulpwood plantations by 2014, would be considered as areas of deforestation directly connected to the wood pulp trade in 2020.
- Nusantara Atlas (Gaveau et al., 2022; The TreeMap, 2025)
- Gaveau, D. L. A., Locatelli, B., Salim, M. A., Husnayaen, Manurung, T., Descals, A., Angelsen, A., Meijaard, E., & Sheil, D. (2022). Slowing deforestation in Indonesia follows declining oil palm expansion and lower oil prices. PLOS ONE, 17(3), e0266178. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0266178
- The TreeMap. (2025). Nusantara Atlas [Dataset]. https://nusantara-atlas.org
To cite this dataset, use the following format
Benedict, J., Chandra, A., Orland, B., Gollnow, F., Mueller, C., Gaveau, D., Salim, A., Biddle, H., Husnayaen, H., Nagara, G., Manurung, T., Putra, S. P., Suavet, C., Yohar, S., Barr, C., & Heilmayr, R. (2025). SEI-PCS Indonesia wood pulp supply chain and sustainability metrics (Version 3.2) [Data set]. Trase. https://doi.org/10.48650/RS65-VQ44
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