Indonesia - Emissions from peat subsidence
Years available: 2015-2024
Data last updated: 5 Dec 2025
The metric represents the (greenhouse gas) emissions from peat subsidence (tonnes of CO₂-eq) in a single year per concession, assigned to the target year. The emissions are calculated based on pulpwood planted area on peat (more details above) inside the concession for the target year. This area is multiplied by an emission factor of 73.4 tCO₂-eq, indicating a constant 20 tonnes of C loss for every hectare and year due to subsidence after peat drainage, as described by Carlson, Goodman and May-Tobin, (2015) and as recommended by the IPCC's Wetlands Supplement (2013).
- Indonesia’s peatland map (Ministry of Agriculture, 2019) Nusantara Atlas (Gaveau et al., 2022; The TreeMap, 2025)
- Carlson, K. M., Goodman, L. K., & May-Tobin, C. C. (2015). Modeling relationships between water table depth and peat soil carbon loss in Southeast Asian plantations. Environmental Research Letters, 10(7), 074006. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/10/7/074006 /n Gaveau, D. L. A., Locatelli, B., Salim, M. A., Husnayaen, Manurung, T., Descals, A., Angelsen, A., Meijaard, E., & Sheil, D. (2022). Slowing deforestation in Indonesia follows declining oil palm expansion and lower oil prices. PLOS ONE, 17(3), e0266178. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0266178 /n IPCC. (2014). 2013 Supplement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories: Wetlands. Hiraishi, T., Krug, T., Tanabe, K., Srivastava, N., Baasansuren, J., Fukuda, M. and Troxler, T.G. (eds). https://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/wetlands/index.html /n Ministry of Agriculture. (2019). Peta Lahan Gambut Indonesia Skala 1:50.000, Edisi Desember 2019 (Indonesian peatland map at 1:50,000 scale, December 2019 Edition) [Dataset]. The TreeMap. (2025). Nusantara Atlas [Dataset]. https://nusantara-atlas.org
To cite this dataset, use the following format
Benedict, J., Chandra, A., Orland, B., Gollnow, F., Mueller, C., Gaveau, D., Salim, A., Biddle, H., Husnayaen, H., Nagara, G., Manurung, T., Putra, S. P., Suavet, C., Yohar, S., Barr, C., & Heilmayr, R. (2025). SEI-PCS Indonesia wood pulp supply chain and sustainability metrics (Version 3.2) [Data set]. Trase. https://doi.org/10.48650/RS65-VQ48
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